Kim Roberts, LPC, CPCS

Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a lifelong mental health condition that causes intense, unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. Unlike typical “good days and bad days,” these mood episodes are severe enough to disrupt daily life, relationships, and work.

Key Types and Symptoms

Bipolar disorder is classified into three main types based on the intensity of mood swings:

• Bipolar I: Marked by severe mania lasting at least seven days or requiring hospitalization, often accompanied by depression.
• Bipolar II: A pattern of depressive episodes and less severe “hypomanic” episodes.
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Chronic, milder mood swings lasting at least two years.

Symptoms fluctuate between high-energy manic/hypomanic states—characterized by racing thoughts, reduced sleep, and risky behavior—and low-energy depressive states, featuring profound sadness, fatigue, and lack of interest.

Myths and Management

• Fact vs. Myth: Unlike common mood swings, bipolar episodes are intense, long-lasting, and often unrelated to external events. Mania is not always “productive,” as it can lead to dangerous impulsivity or psychosis. Furthermore, many individuals experience stable periods, known as euthymia.
• Treatment: Although chronic, the condition is highly treatable through a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes like consistent sleep.

More About Bipolar